| 摘要: |
| 以我国2018—2021年间国际田联认证的9场马拉松赛事为样本，分析赛事中的人身损害免责条款。认为，参与组织赛事的各类主体应被视为承担民事责任的主体，而免责条款往往包含在竞赛规程、参赛报名表或专门的免责声明文件中，它们属于负有附随义务的格式条款。关于免责条款的司法审查，在形式审查层面，若免责条款未履行必要的提示或说明义务，则不具备形式合理性，应被认定为无效。在实质审查层面，若免责条款过度免除赛事组织者的合理义务，因显失公平原则，也应被认定为无效。对于由赛事组织者造成的人身损害，因其负有安全保障义务不能免除责任。对于参赛者因“自甘风险”等非赛事组织者原因造成的人身损害，应允许赛事组织者通过免责条款明确不承担责任。 |
| 关键词: 《民法典》 马拉松赛事 人身损害 免责条款 司法审查 |
| DOI： |
| 投稿时间：2024-03-17 |
| 基金项目:国家社会科学基金一般项目“马拉松赛事服务标准化研究”（18BTY033）；深圳市哲学社会科学规划项目“先行示范区建设背景下深圳马拉松赛事发展的服务管理机制研究”（SZ2021B039） |
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| Judicial Review of the Personal Injury Exemption Clause of Marathon Events under the Civil Code |
| HU Junfeng,CHEN Rongyang,REN Zhanbing |
| (Shanghai No.2 Intermediate People’s Court, Shanghai 200070 , China;Department of General Education,Shanwei Campus,South China Normal University, Shanwei 516600 , China;Physical Education School,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060 ,China) |
| Abstract: |
| Taking nine marathon events certified by the IAAF in China from 2018 to 2021 as samples, this paper analyzes the personal injury exemption clauses in the events. It is believed that all kinds of subjects participating in the organization of the event should be regarded as the subject of civil liability, and the exemption clauses are often included in the competition rules, entry forms or special exemption declaration documents, which belong to the standard clauses with collateral obligations. Regarding the judicial review of the exemption clause, at the level of formal review, if the exemption clause fails to perform the necessary prompt or explanation obligation, it does not have formal rationality and should be deemed invalid. At the level of substantive examination, if the exemption clause excessively exempts the reasonable obligations of the event organizers, it should also be considered invalid due to the principle of obvious unfairness. For the personal injury caused by the organizers of the event, because of its security obligations cannot be exempted from liability. For the personal injury caused by non-event organizers such as “self-assertive risk”, event organizers should be allowed to expressly disclaim liability through exemption clauses. |
| Key words: the Civil Code marathon events personal injury exemption clause judicial review |
