| 摘要: |
| 目的：探讨男子百米一二级运动员起跑加速技术差异及影响短跑起跑加速效果的主要因素。方法：采用三维高速红外摄像解析法对男子百米一级运动员（6名）和二级运动员（7名）的起跑和前3步加速技术动作进行分析。结果：①起跑器上阶段一二级运动员摆动腿屈髋角速度峰值具有显著性差异（P＜005），摆动腿屈髋角速度峰值与平均水平速度呈正相关（P＜005），与支撑时间呈负相关（P＜005）；②第1步水平速度与支撑时间、支撑距离呈正相关（P＜005），第2步水平速度与支撑时间、支撑距离呈正相关（P＜005），与腾空时间呈负相关（P＜005）；③起跑和前3步加速一二级运动员平均步频与平均水平速度之间呈正相关（P＜005）。结论：起跑和前3步加速不同阶段的技术特点是不同的，起跑器上阶段是为了获得较大起动速度，因此要求较大的摆动腿屈髋角速度峰值、更短的支撑时间，而第1步和第2步加速阶段提高水平速度则需要更长的支撑时间、支撑距离和更短的腾空时间，起跑和前3步加速较快的步频有利于水平速度的提高。 |
| 关键词: 男子百米 一二级运动员 起跑 前3步 加速技术 参数 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:国家体育总局体育科学研究所基本科研业务费课题（基本19 41） |
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| Three dimensional Technical Analysis of Starting and Acceleration of the First Three Steps of the First and Second Class Men’s 100 m Athletes |
| BI Zhiyuan |
| (Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, China) |
| Abstract: |
| Objective: To explore the differences of starting acceleration techniques and the main factors affecting the effect of starting acceleration of male 100 m athletes. Methods: Analytical method of threedimensional highspeed infrared camera was used to analyze starting and the first three steps acceleration of 6 first class and 7 second class male athletes. Results: ① There was significant difference in the peak value of hip flexion angular velocity between the first and second level athletes in the upper stage of the starting machine (P<005), The peak value of hip flexion angular velocity was positively correlated with the average horizontal velocity (P<005), and negatively correlated with the support time (P<005); ② The first step horizontal speed was positively correlated with support time and support distance (P<005), the second step horizontal speed was positively correlated with support time and support distance (P<005), and negatively correlated with flight time (P<005); ③ There was a positive correlation between the average step frequency and the average horizontal speed (P<005). Conclusion: The technical characteristics of different stages of starting and the first three steps acceleration are different. The upper stage of the starter is to obtain a larger starting speed, so it requires a larger peak value of hip flexion angular velocity of swinging leg and a shorter support time. In the first and second step acceleration stage, it needs longer support time, support distance and shorter flight time to improve the horizontal speed. The faster step frequency of starting and the first three steps acceleration is conducive to the improvement of the horizontal speed. |
| Key words: men’s 100 m first and second class athletes starting first three steps acceleration technique parameters |
